CARACTERIZACIÓN GENÉTICA Y FENOTÍPICA DE UNA POBLACIÓN DE CERDO PELÓN MEXICANO.

RAMÍREZ REYES, JUAN MANUEL (2020) CARACTERIZACIÓN GENÉTICA Y FENOTÍPICA DE UNA POBLACIÓN DE CERDO PELÓN MEXICANO. Maestría thesis, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE CHIHUAHUA.

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Resumen

For the design and implementation of a genetic conservation and improvement program in the Mexican hairless pig, the following should be considered: the pedigree analysis; the characterization and analysis of the phenotypic variation, for the conformation of the racial pattern; and, as well as the use of genomic tools for the implementation of kinship tests, these being the objectives of this work. The pedigree was analyzed (n = 305), 16 morphological variables (VARMOR, n = 201) and 74 genetic markers (SNP, n = 107) for use in kinship tests. Was calculated: founder ancestors; effective size (Ne); inbreeding; generational interval (IG); Wright F statistics (FST, FIS and FIT). The VARMOR were head length, head width, snout length, snout width, ear length, width of ears, distance between orbitals, height at the cross, chest width, chest circumference, neck length, neck width, cane perimeter, body length, pelvic width, abdominal perimeter; analyzed with the mixed model: y = μ + si + fj + β1x + β2x2 + mad + ε ; where: y, response variable; μ, mean; si, sex; fj, farm; β1 and β2, regression coefficient for the covariate linear and quadratic of age of the animal; mad, random effect of the mother; ε, residuals. With the correlation matrix, a principal component analysis was carried out. For the SNPs, the polymorphic information content (PIC) and its components were estimated, as well as the probabilities of non-exclusion (PNE). The results indicated values of Ne = 92.10; ancestors that explain 50% of the pedigree = 7; percentage of inbred animals = 2.3%; average inbreeding = 0.11%; Average GI = 1.69 years. FST = 7%; FIS and FIT of -0.083 and -0.006, respectively. The coefficient of variation was less than 20% for all variables in all stages, with the exception of abdominal circumference (24.34%) and pelvic width (27.07%), variables that depend on body weight. Mad explained, on average, 54.3% of the variability. For PIC, the average was 0.266 with values in the interval of 0.018 to 0.375; the PNE were in the interval of 0.72 to 0.99. In conclusion, the pedigree analysis allowed obtaining important information to implement conservation and genetic improvement schemes; with the data obtained based on morphological variables it is possible to generate the racial pattern; the reporting capacity of the SNP marker panel was good, therefore it can be used for paternity tests in later studies.

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