MAPA DE RIESGO POR LA DOSIS PROVENIENTES DE LA RADIOACTIVIDAD GAMA NATURAL EN LA CIUDAD DE CHIHUAHUA, MÉXICO.

FLORES ESTRADA, KARLA (2021) MAPA DE RIESGO POR LA DOSIS PROVENIENTES DE LA RADIOACTIVIDAD GAMA NATURAL EN LA CIUDAD DE CHIHUAHUA, MÉXICO. Maestría thesis, UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE CHIHUAHUA.

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Resumen

The most common building materials show concentrations of natural radionuclides, they derive from rocks and soils which can contain radioactive elements from 238U and 232Th decay series, as well as 40K. These natural radionuclides can produce environmental risks that may cause health damages; consequently, this issue can produce economic costs for society in areas where it occurs. The objective of the research was to evaluate the spatial distribution of indoor gamma dose rates produced by building materials in dwellings of the city of Chihuahua; furthermore, to develop a risk map for natural gamma radioactivity, the values of natural gamma radioactivity from the soil were added. Likewise, this study was assessed the annual effective dose and the lifetime cancer risks for the inhabitants of this city. Similarly, the relationship between natural gamma radioactivity and deaths from leukemia was analyzed using a spatial distribution analysis. The gamma radioactivity exposure was measured in 97 dwellings of Chihuahua city. These measurements were recorded with Geiger equipment, at three distances from the dwelling wall: 1 cm, 50 cm, and in the middle of the room. Gamma radiation exposure did not show significate differences when it is measured by zones and distances from walls. The natural gamma exposure showed a positive correlation with wall thickness and room size. Results indicated that the annual effective dose rate of the inhabitants of Chihuahua City is on average 1.18 mSv/y, resulting in a lifetime cancer risk of 0.0043. Although the annual effective dose values are higher than those established by international regulations, there is no evidence to correlate leukemia deaths with indoor gamma dose rate. Finally, the higher risk due to natural gamma radioactivity was identified in the center and southeast of Chihuahua city.

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